Spiegeltest
’t Is niet omdat een dier het niet spontaan doet, dat het iets niet kan leren – dat is wat ik er altijd bijzeg in mijn lessen trainingspsychologie wanneer ik het over Theory of Mind heb en de spiegeltest. Er is nu ook een onderzoek naar, met varkens, dat in deze richting wijst:
Pigs learn what a mirror image represents and use it to obtain information
Donald M. Broom, Hilana Sena and Kiera L. Moynihan
Abstract
Mirror usage has been taken to indicate some degree of awareness in animals. Can pigs, Sus scrofa, obtain information from a mirror? When put in a pen with a mirror in it, young pigs made movements while apparently looking at their image. After 5 h spent with a mirror, the pigs were shown a familiar food bowl, visible in the mirror but hidden behind a solid barrier. Seven out of eight pigs found the food bowl in a mean of 23 s by going away from the mirror and around the barrier. Naïve pigs shown the same looked behind the mirror. The pigs were not locating the food bowl by odour, did not have a preference for the area where the food bowl was and did not go to that area when the food bowl was visible elsewhere. To use information from a mirror and find a food bowl, each pig must have observed features of its surroundings, remembered these and its own actions, deduced relationships among observed and remembered features and acted accordingly. This ability indicates assessment awareness in pigs. The results may have some effects on the design of housing conditions for pigs and may lead to better pig welfare.